張懷渝　王化新　吳素瓊　楊正清　陳志渝　陳發菊

摘要: 對四川省(含重慶)8個大、中型火力發電廠排出的干/濕粉煤灰中天然放射性核素的組成和含量進行了測定和分析；并調查了我省粉煤灰的綜合利用情況。結果表明，四川省火力發電廠排出的粉煤灰中天然放射性核素主要由238U，232Th，226Ra，40K 4種核素組成，放射性比活度變化在0～109.79±16.69(238U)，82.05±2.78～224.47±11.73(232Th)，63.92±2.75～255.8±3.86(226Ra)，117.72±14.77～1147.43±34.51(40K)Bq/kg。根據國家標準GB6566-86，四川省火力發電廠粉煤灰用做建筑材料時，以江油(濕灰)、內江、攀枝花、宜賓和雅安(濕灰)調查點的灰樣放射性比活度不超標，其余調查點的灰樣均屬超標范圍，根據GB6763-86中限制式計算，其最高用量不能超過建筑材料總重的68.67%～69.58%(干灰)和68.69%～91.40%(濕灰)。干粉煤灰的比放射性活度普遍高于濕灰。粉煤灰在農業上的利用具有潛在的優勢，本文就此進行了較為詳細的分析。
關鍵詞: 粉煤灰; 天然放射性; 污染; 綜合利用
中圖分類號: X837　　文獻標識碼: A　　文章編號: 1000-2650(1999)03-0304-05

Detection and Assessment on the Safety for Natural Radioactivity of Fly Ash of the Coal-Fired Power Plants in Sichuan Province

ZHANG Huai-yu, WANG Hua-xin, WU Su-qiong, YANG Zheng-qing, CHEN Zhi-yu, CHEN Fa-ju
(Isotope Research Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China)

Abstract: Composition and radioactivity of natural radioactive nuclides of dry and wet fly ash in eight coal-fired powder plants in Sichuan province and Chong Qing city were detected, meanwhile the related synthetic utilization situations were investigated. The results show that the natural radioactivity of the fly ash of the coal-fired powder plants in Sichuan province and Chong Qing are chiefly composed of four nuclides 238　U，232Th，226Ra，40K and their radioactivity ranges 0～109.79±16.69(238U), 82.05±2.78～224.47±11.73(232Th), 63.92±2.75～255.8±3.86(226Ra), 117.72±14.77～1147.43±34.51(40K) (Bq/kg), respectively. According to the standard of the People’s republic of China GB 6566-86, the radioactivity of the dry and wet fly ash used as building materials in Jiang You (wet), Nei Jiang, Pan Zhihua, Yi Bing and Ya’an (wet) do not exceed the limited safe scales, but one of the other investigated areas does, whose highest useful percent of total weight of building material couldn’t exceed 68.67%～69.58% (dry) and 68.69%～91.40% (wet) based on the other standard of the People’s republic of China GB 6763-86. The potential advantage of fly ash applied for agriculture is discussed carefully in this paper.
Key words: FLY ASH; NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY; CONTAMINATION; UTILIZATION